Research and development in criminal law and criminology

Research and development in criminal law and criminology

Pathology of the role of exchanges in the occurrence of currency crimes in the financial system and, consequently, Iranian politics, with emphasis on the crime of money laundering

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Kazem Gharhramanlo Alasti 1
Seyed Mohammad Reza Mousavi Fard 2
1 PhD student, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
2 Faculty Member, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
10.22034/jclc.2025.2067002.1277
Abstract
In the Iranian economy، which is facing the complexity of financial relations and severe currency fluctuations، the role of exchanges is of great importance. They can help economic stability in a crisis by regulating the market and balancing supply and demand. But in practice، the weakness of the rules and the lack of effective oversight have made some of these exchanges، especially their unauthorized types، a suitable platform for organized financial crimes and specifically money laundering.The present study examines the central question of how the activities of exchanges are related to the formation of organized financial crimes and how well the regulatory system is able to contain this process. It is assumed that the expansion of unauthorized exchanges and existing regulatory gaps have directly underpinned the increase in foreign exchange crimes and the weakening of the financial health of the country.Here، using the method of qualitative research and analysis of legal documents، related doctrines، the findings show That illegal exchanges، by exploiting structural weaknesses، play an effective role in facilitating money laundering and exacerbating currency market instability. In contrast، authorized exchanges that comply with regulations and have financial transparency can be a factor in preventing economic corruption.The most important regulatory challenges in this area include the lack of coordination between the responsible institutions and the lack of technological infrastructure necessary for instantaneous and intelligent monitoring of financial transactions. To overcome these problems and reduce currency crimes، two key solutions are proposed: first، the design and deployment of a national intelligent monitoring system for currency transactions، and second، the requirement of all exchanges to accurately authenticate customers ' digital identities. Implementing these solutions can increase the resilience of the financial system to such crimes. It is essential to adopt a preventive and forward-looking criminal policy that relies on risk analysis and adaptive regulation versus possible crimes.They can be effective ways to prevent damage of their kind.
Keywords
Pathology
exchanges
money laundering
currency disorders

Subjects

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Research and development in criminal law and criminology

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 16 December 2025