Research and development in criminal law and criminology

Research and development in criminal law and criminology

Social Contract and Criminal Justice: Examining the Role of Social Agreements in Contemporary Philosophical Theories

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 PhD Candidate in Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Law, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Law, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Abstract
This study explores the role of the general will in Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s social contract theory and its application in strengthening restorative justice within contemporary criminal justice systems. The primary objective is to elucidate how the concepts of the social contract can enhance criminal justice frameworks, with a particular focus on restorative justice. The research employs a theoretical-critical methodology, analyzing classical social contract theories (Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau) alongside contemporary perspectives (Rawls, Pettit, and Nussbaum). Initially, the theoretical foundations of Rousseau’s social contract are examined, followed by an investigation of its connection to restorative justice through philosophical texts and contemporary criminological studies.The findings indicate that Rousseau’s concept of the general will, through its emphasis on collective participation, provides a robust theoretical framework for advancing restorative justice. However, adapting this framework to modern societies faces challenges such as structural inequalities and cultural diversity. Proposed solutions include expanding mediation, strengthening support for victims, and reforming discriminatory laws. The study concludes that Rousseau’s social contract, when reinterpreted in a modern context, can foster a more just and inclusive criminal justice system. Future research is recommended to explore the impact of technology on restorative justice.
Keywords
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