Ashouri, Mohammad. (2013). Criminal Procedure. Vol. 1. Tehran: SAMT Publications. (in Persian)

Ashouri, Mohammad et al. (2024). Human Rights and the Concepts of Equality, Fairness, and Justice. 2nd ed. Tehran: Khorsandi Publications. (in Persian)

Ashouri, Mohammad. (1993). “The Presumption of Innocence and Its Effects in Criminal Matters: A Comparative Study.” Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Vol. 29. (in Persian)

Pradel, Jean et al. (2024). Criminal Law of the Council of Europe. Translated by Mohammad Ashouri. 2nd ed. Tehran: Khorsandi Publications. (in Persian)

S v. Switzerland, Judgment of 28 November 1991.

Engel and Others v. the Netherlands, Judgment of 8 June 1976; and Öztürk v. Germany, Judgment of 21 February 1984.

Deweer v. Belgium, Judgment of 27 February 1980.

Ruiz-Mateos v. Spain, Judgment of 23 June 1993; and Werner v. Austria, Judgment of 24 November 1997.

Delmas-Marty, Mireille. (2023). The Major Systems of Criminal Policy. Translated by Ali Hossein Najafi Abrandabadi. 5th ed. Tehran: Mizan Publications. (in Persian)

Saghian, Mohammad Mehdi. (2006). “The Principle of Equality of Arms in Criminal Proceedings: With Emphasis on French and Iranian Law.” Judiciary Law Journal, Vol. 70, Nos. 56–57. (in Persian)

Saghian, Mohammad Mehdi. (2015). “Developments in the Right of the Suspect to Legal Counsel During Police Custody in French and Iranian Law.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1. (in Persian)

Saghian, Mohammad Mehdi. (2018). “The Approach of the 2013 Criminal Procedure Code to the Adversarial Principle in the Pre-Trial Stage.” In Ali Hossein Najafi Abrandabadi (ed.), Under Supervision, Encyclopedia of Criminal Sciences: Collected Articles, Book 3. 1st ed. Tehran: Mizan Publications. (in Persian)

Saghian, Mohammad Mehdi. (2023). Preface to Ehsan Mohammadi Kang Sofla, Fair Trial in the Criminal Justice System of Iran in Light of the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights. 2nd ed. Tehran: Majd Publications. (in Persian)

Mahdavi, Davar. (2014). The Criminal Sphere in Iranian Law. 1st ed. Tehran: Mizan Publications. (in Persian)

Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2016). “Criminal Procedure: The Struggle Between Power and Security on the One Hand, and Individual Rights and Freedoms on the Other.” In Criminal Procedure: Collected Articles. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press. (in Persian)

Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2016). “A Professor’s Message: Fair Trial and the Lawyer.” Journal of the Ardabil Bar Association, Vol. 2, No. 2. (in Persian)

Yavari, Asadollah. (2015). “From Criminal Law to the Criminal Sphere: Extending Criminal Procedural Guarantees to Quasi-Criminal Proceedings.” Shiraz University Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2. (in Persian)

Bîrsan, Corneliu. (2009). “Défense pénale et Cour européenne des droits de l’homme.” Revue de Science Criminelle et de Droit Pénal Comparé (R.P.D.P.), p. 191 ff.

Bomfils, Philippe. (2022). Procédure pénale. 4th ed. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (PUF).

Artico v. Italy, European Court of Human Rights, Judgment of 13 May 1980.

Crim., 24 May 2006, Bulletin No. 147.