Children and juveniles require continual protection due to their special circumstances, especially those who are in high-risk situations. The protection of children and adolescents in Iranian criminal policy began in the early 2000s, but the Protection of Children and Adolescents Act introduced a different approach to this protection. Various duties and powers have been assigned to different institutions, particularly in the field of preventing victimization. In recent Iranian criminal policy, the strategies outlined in the Child and Adolescent Protection Law of 2019 have become more nuanced. This law designates specific duties and authorities to various institutions, especially concerning the prevention of child and adolescent victimization. Notably, the Act assigns preventive duties to the police to protect children and teenagers. These duties are based on the principles of developmental prevention, focusing on addressing gaps in the socialization process of children and adolescents, and are rooted in their rights to physical health and development. Acquainting the police with these tasks and related powers can play a crucial role in preventing injuries, delinquency, and harm to children and juveniles in high-risk situations. This article examines the subjects (a), principles (b), and types (c) of preventive police actions as stipulated in the "Children and Adolescents Protection Law" of 2019 to identify its foundations and aspects.