Research and development in criminal law and criminology

Research and development in criminal law and criminology

Feasibility of Applying Clemency Institutions in Hudud Crimes

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Amin Khedri Amirian
PhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Guilan and Level 4 Scholar at Qom Seminary, Qom, Iran
10.22034/jclc.2024.718665
Abstract
Iran’s penal policy towards Hudud has been based on the principle of equality. According to this principle, all perpetrators of fixed penalties are punished equally; thus, the punishment for a person who repeatedly commits a fixed penalty and is a professional offender is the same as for an accidental offender. This viewpoint, despite the principle of individualization of punishments and without considering the various categories of offenders, applies the same approach to all perpetrators of fixed penalties.
In Islamic penal law, the institution of pardon has been established to individualize the punishment of fixed penalties. This institution's purpose is to allow individuals who commit a fixed penalty and are deemed worthy of forgiveness to be pardoned and granted a second opportunity to reintegrate into society without the application of punishment.
Unfortunately, the lengthy processes determined by the Iranian legislature have diminished the efficacy of this institution.
Iran’s penal policy towards Hudud has been based on the principle of equality. According to this principle, all perpetrators of fixed penalties are punished equally; thus, the punishment for a person who repeatedly commits a fixed penalty and is a professional offender is the same as for an accidental offender. This viewpoint, despite the principle of individualization of punishments and without considering the various categories of offenders, applies the same approach to all perpetrators of fixed penalties. In Islamic penal law, the institution of pardon has been established to individualize the punishment of fixed penalties. This institution's purpose is to allow individuals who commit a fixed penalty and are deemed worthy of forgiveness to be pardoned and granted a second opportunity to reintegrate into society without the application of punishment. Unfortunately, the lengthy processes determined by the Iranian legislature have diminished the efficacy of this institution. This research, considering the necessity of individualizing punishments and believing in the dynamism of traditional jurisprudence, employs an analytical-descriptive method to present approaches in accordance with Islamic jurisprudence for applying leniency in fixed penalties. It advocates for the application of conditional pardons and granting judicial authorities the power to pardon perpetrators of fixed penalties. The thesis argues that the functions of leniency institutions, such as deferment, suspended sentences, alternatives to imprisonment, semi-liberty, and parole, do not encounter religious prohibitions in fixed penalties. Moreover, these functions yield positive outcomes, including preventing labeling and promoting decriminalization.
Keywords
Feasibility Study
Hudud
Deferment
Suspended sentence
Semi-liberty System
Alternatives to Imprisonment
Parole
Subjects
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Research and development in criminal law and criminology
Volume 1, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
October 2024
Pages 102-136